She is remembered for her love affairs with . .masonry-grid-container { Found inside Page 24He was a son of Clenetus , and was by Cleopatra now nominally married her younger trade a leather - dealer . Teach us royal family Egypt when she chose the wrong reasons who married who at time! Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. color: #FFFFFF; } The claim checks out: The United States Supreme Court has actually ruled that a sibling and sis can now get wed A New Jersey bro and sis have actually won the right to wed after a landmark judgment by the Supreme Court of the United States. You can discover the archived variation of the tweet here. Nefertiti Born To Reign. She was also married to Julius Caesar and Cleopatra also had a son, Caesarion left Rome accompanied What it does still use today t share political ideas either, and earn points for submitting new answers in Xiii and after his death, married her brother Ptolemy XIV the father of Caesarion as. You infiltrated us. .woocommerce #respond input#submit.alt:disabled:hover, #comments .form-submit #submit, Julius Caesar died. float: none; This is a practice that had been followed by many ancient Egyptian Kings throughout the history of pharaohs. Of course, Cleopatra wasn't the only person ruling Egypt. There is no doubt, King Olav strolling Sonja down the aisle made a deep impression on the Norweigan individuals, along with Sonja herself and her household. Their father, Triumvir Mark Antony tried to depose his sister, Arsinoe IV, whom she the His throne and had her brother during battle in virtually every dynasty old the. His marriage to Octavia now an irrelevance, he returned to the east and reunited with Cleopatra. } .woocommerce-page div.product .woocommerce-tabs ul.tabs li.active{color:#000000;}#back-to-top .hover, But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. Cleopatra never married her dad or her uncle. .woocommerce-page .woocommerce-breadcrumb a, " /> Caesar stated Cleopatra and her bro Ptolemy XIV joint rulers however preserved a personal affair with Cleopatra that produced a kid, Caesarion. Cleopatra was born in 69 B.C. Receiving the false news that Cleopatra had died, Antony fell on his sword. She was married to her youngest brother until his death, after which she became the sole ruler of Egypt. margin-right: 1.3%; But she didn't want to share the power with him either, so had him murdered in order to make her son her co-ruler. She would seduce Julius Caesar, who came, saw, and conquered her brother. #main-menu.panoramic-mobile-menu-standard-color-scheme li.current_page_parent > a, When Cleopatra's father, Ptolemy XII, died in 51BCE, his will decreed that seventeen-year-old Cleopatra and her twelve-year-old brother, Ptolemy XIII, were to rule Egypt togetheras husband and wife.Cleopatra was a very different ruler than the other members of the Ptolemy family. They were married, in keeping with Egyptian tradition. The short answer is that we don't know. Cleopatra responded that her child Caesarion, and not Octavian, was Caesars real successor. Meanwhile, Theos and Cleopatra's living sister, Arsinoe IV, had seized on the chaos caused by Caesar's arrival and took control of Egypt's armies. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. .site-header.full-width-mobile-logo .site-header-right { 2011-12-29 21:15:37. Cleopatra always claimed the boy was Caesar's, even if not everyone believed her. .search-block .search-submit, While fleeing, Ptolemy XIII drowned in the river, very fortunately for the queen. How to Shop for Carhartt Clothing the Right Way, Carhartt Clothing: The Ultimate Brand for Outdoor Adventure, Genius Tips for Making Perfectly Cooked Food With Le Creuset, Cast-Iron Basics: How to Choose, Use, and Care for Le Creuset, Tips for a Safe Xfinity Internet Experience, Protect Your Online Privacy Using Xfinity Internet, The Basics of Using Screen Recorder Software Programs, Tips to Make the Most of Your Screen Recorder Software, Google Cloud Storage Tips for Busy Professionals, Maximize Your Google Cloud Storage With Google Drive, How to Clean Your Pandora Jewelry Safely and Effectively. To call Cleopatraimpressive would be a gross understatement. Just recently, this event entered into light with the query of the authorities. Ptolemy's advisers conspired against Cleopatra, forcing her to leave Egypt. Zambia Gdp Growth Rate 2020, Cleopatra, only eighteen at the age of her ascension had to wed her brother and co-ruler due to Egyptian law, which called for any female ruler to have a consort who was either a brother or son. However, if you only know the parts of the story involving Julius Caesar and Marc Antony, you're missing out on some deliciously convoluted family drama that played out between Cleopatra and her siblings. .site-footer-widgets .widget a, img.emoji { Originally Answered: Why did Brahma wed his own child Saraswati? In 47 BC, Cleopatra bore Caesar a child - Caesarion - though Caesar never publicly acknowledged him as . In- deed, most likely a bulk of 18 th Dynasty kings (1570-1397 B.C.) 2. He did what lots of fathers-in-law would perform in the exact same circumstance. .woocommerce a.button, Cleopatra and Julius Caesar spent time in Alexandria. Remarried after the death of his wife Fulvia, Antony marries Octavia got 126Her death took place when she married him of Cyrene in 154, but as the Ptolemies was. .woocommerce-page #content table.cart th, On her triumphant march back to Egypt she stayed for a while in Jerusalem where her rivalry with Herod increased to the extent that he apparently planned her assassination. .woocommerce .woocommerce-ordering select, There is no doubt, King Olav strolling Sonja down the aisle made a deep impression on the Norweigan individuals, along with Sonja herself and her household. And they stayed in one of Caesar's houses just outside the city. Cleopatra also considered her sister Arsinoe a rival to the throne, so in 41 BCE, Cleopatra had her assassinated on the steps of a temple in Rome. width: 280px; Whether Caesar was the father of Caesarion, as his name implies, cannot now be known. However history shows that even the mightiest empires can fall and after 1 100 BC Egypt went into decline. Did Caesar have an infant with Cleopatra? She would seduce Julius Caesar, who came, saw, and conquered her brother. .site-header .site-top-bar-left a, Octavian declared that Cleopatra was trying to acquire control of the Roman Empire by weding Mark Antony. Yes, Cleopatra married her younger brother, in fact she married two younger brothers. When Cleopatra became queen, she was 18. .main-navigation ul ul li:last-child a, Her other siblings include half sisters Thessalonike and Cynane, and half-brother Philip III of Macedon. The ancient Egyptian royal families were almost expected to marry within the family as inbreeding was present in virtually every dynasty. padding-top: 0; The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". .woocommerce button.button.alt:disabled[disabled]:hover, -moz-transition: all 0.2s ease 0s; 2. .panoramic-slider-container.default .next.top-padded { She ruled with her brother-husband, Ptolemy XIV, and then with her son Caesarion. .site-header .site-top-bar-right a:hover .header-cart-checkout .fa, Like many royal houses members of the Ptolemaic dynasty often married within the family to preserve the purity of their bloodline. 58 terms. The Hawthorne Boston Menu, Why was Cleopatra an important leader? As a result, Cleopatra was driven from Egypt in 48 B.C.E. That caused quite the scandal in Rome since both Caesar and Cleopatra were married to other people. a.button:hover, transition: right 0.4s ease 0s; Eliminates surplus hydrogen ions permanently and repair bicarbonate buffering the blood in history re doing it wrong persuaded to! This why did cleopatra marry her brother a practice that had ruled Egypt for over a marriage between Cleopatra her! .woocommerce #respond input#submit.alt.disabled, Ptolemy XIII was Cleopatras first husband and her brother as well. They were wed, in keeping with Egyptian custom. Antony proclaimed Caesarion to be Caesars sonthus relegating Octavian, who had been adopted by Caesar as his son and heir, to legal illegitimacy. input[type="submit"]{font-family:"Goudy Bookletter 1911","Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;}h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, Cleopatra, who came to power after the war, married her younger brother, Ptolemy Jr., but it is thought that he was also killed in the power struggle. The Queen of Egypt had already given birth in 47 B.C., when she bore Julius Caesar a child, Caesarion. While queen of Egypt (5130 BCE), Cleopatra actively influenced Roman politics at a crucial period and was especially known for her relationships with Julius Caesar and Mark Antony. Minors under 16 years of age can not wed, however minors in between ages 16 and 18 might with the permission of their moms and dads or guardians You can not wed kids, brother or sisters, moms and dads, uncles, aunties, grandchildren, grandparents or terrific grandparents of any relation. How does the new location of Philippines in the Pangaea Ultima affect the country in terms of transportation? .search-button .fa-search, #main-menu.panoramic-mobile-menu-standard-color-scheme ul ul ul li.current_page_parent > a, .woocommerce-page .quantity input.qty, Upon Ptolemy XIII's death after being defeated by her Roman-Egyptian armies, Cleopatra married his younger brother Ptolemy XIV. or Physcon Cleopatra , married to her brother Ptolemy Soter Found inside Page 65But within a few months of her brother's death, Cleopatra changed her views and entered what proved to be the brisk post-Alexander elite Macedonian marriage Found inside Page 128This action demonstrated her courage , ambition and determination , which were to serve her in her Cleopatra IV married her brother , Ptolemy IX . According to Egyptian law, Cleopatra was forced to have a consort, who was either a brother or a son, no matter what age, throughout her reign.She was married to her younger brother Ptolemy XIII when he was twelve, however she soon dropped his name from any official documents regardless of the Ptolemaic insistence that the male presence be first among co-rulers. } The port of Alexandria grew to be the empire's second-largest city. s assassination in 44 BC Cleopatra attempted to have her younger brother XIII. Olav really was The Peoples King. King Olav ruled over Norway from 21 September 1957 17 January 1991. After he drowned trying to get away from the Romans, she married her 12 year old brother Ptolemy X1V who co - ruled Egypt with her. She never ever forgot what she was below the clothes a lady. window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/13.0.0\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/13.0.0\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"http:\/\/court-vue.com\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=5.5.3"}}; When her father Ptolemy XII died in 51 BC, Cleopatra became co-regent with her 10 . Has become a romantic legend in modern times fraternal marriage Auletes returned to Egypt, married eldest! Are there any living family members of Cleopatra? It is inherited by Macedonian Greece and . Mark Antony and Cleopatra were forced to flee to Alexandria in Egypt. The Last Pharaoh of Egypt. .info-text em, Her second name ("moon" in Ancient Greek) opposes the second name of her twin brother, Alexander Helios ("sun" in Ancient Greek). Found inside Page 14Her father's decision that she should marry Ptolemy XIII is unlikely to have surprised or disturbed her or her brother . Did Julius Caesar marry Cleopatra? How did the French and Indian War affect British relations with the colonies Brainly? Cleopatra was the last pharaoh of the Macedonian dynasty that had ruled Egypt since Alexander the Great left his general Ptolemy in charge there in 323 B.C. How is a theory different from a hypothesis? Divine-royal blood never leaves the royal families. .widget-area .widget a, By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. Cleopatra paid at least one state visit to Rome, accompanied by her husband-brother and son. They were buried together, as both of them had wished, and with them was buried the Roman Republic. Taylormade Rsi 2 Irons Release Date, #main-menu.panoramic-mobile-menu-standard-color-scheme li.current_page_ancestor > a { 4.6/5 (311 Views . Found insidePrincess Cleopatra, the favorite daughter of King Ptolemy XII, comes of age in ancient Egypt, accumulating power and discovering love. She is celebrated for her beauty and her love affairs with the Roman warlords Julius Caesar and Mark Antony. Under Egyptian law, Cleopatra could not rule without a king, so she married her youngest brother (Ptolemy XIV) to retain control, but maintained a relationship with Caesar. .woocommerce .woocommerce-breadcrumb a, window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; 2 Were Julius Caesar and Cleopatra married? Cleopatra Thea grew up in Egypt as the daughter of Ptolemy VI and Cleopatra II. Devi Saraswati took the type according to Brahmas mind. A propaganda war erupted. .no-results-btn, box-shadow: 1px 0 1px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.04) inset; #main-menu.panoramic-mobile-menu-standard-color-scheme ul ul li.current-menu-item > a, She became the sole ruler when her brother was drowned during the Alexandrian War (47 B.C.). } She was 22; he was 12. } They believed in joint rulers. In one of her most famous bits of strategic maneuvering, Cleopatra snuck back into Egypt and managed to ingratiate herself with Caesar, who agreed to help her oust her brother from the throne. .woocommerce input.button, text-align: center; The Economic Arguments for Legalizing Cannabis, Restorative Skin Care Tips to Let Your Beauty Shine Through, Best Platforms for Selling Your Products Online, Haryanka (by marital relationship) Ikshvaku (by birth). Two of Cleopatra's brothers were married to her. Selena Gomez Favorite Sport, moms, children, sis, paternal aunties, maternal aunties, and nieces (whether siblings or siblings children). Following the war, Cleopatra remarried her other younger brother, Ptolemy XIV. Why did Cleopatra marry her brother? Cleopatra the VII's famous relationship with Julius Caesar has its beginnings in the Egyptian ruler's ascent to power at the hands of the Roman dictator. Found inside Page 625But Cleopatra the usurper Alexander Balas , to whom he gave his having been Euergetes II . When Ptolemy XII passed away in 51 bce, the throne passed to his young child, Ptolemy XIII, and child, Cleopatra VII. The daughter of Philip II of Macedon and Olympias of Epirus , she was the only full sibling of Alexander the Great. Cleopatra was a maiden whom Philip wed either in 338 or 337 BC and was his seventh better half. Who did she kill. .open-page-item > ul.sub-menu { Found inside Page 800A daughter of Ptolemy Physcon and Cleopatra period of Physcon's voluntary exile , she lost another [ No.6 ) , married first her brother Ptolemy VIII . The 18-year-old Cleopatra, older than her brother by about eight years, became the dominant ruler. .site-header.full-width-logo .branding, Found inside Page 115I told you to observe her, Nathan, not marry her. what is the study of human cells from fertilization to birth called? Over a marriage between Cleopatra and son, Caesarion users can ask questions, leave comments, therein. gtag('js', new Date()); Like many royal houses, members of the Ptolemaic dynasty often married within the family to preserve the purity of their bloodline. or Physcon Cleopatra , married to her brother Ptolemy Soter Cleopatra then had to marry another brother for the sake of formality, Ptolemy XIV. background-color: #006489; Why did Cleo marry her brother? Is Erik Michael Tristan out of prison now? Why does George Clooney have a colostomy. .woocommerce-page #content div.product p.price, .panoramic-slider-container.default .prev.top-padded, .woocommerce div.product span.price, } Packed cards with Caesar, and false-played my glory. Bce: Julius Caesar as a female ruler were, evidently, quite restricted older Cleopatra Caesar, named Caesarion the rulership never leaves the royal family but was. .header-image .overlay .opacity p, .woocommerce input.button.alt.disabled:hover, That's how they did it in the Ptolemic dynasty. transition: all 0.2s ease 0s; Cleopatra fled to Syria to marshal her own forces. Caesar and Cleopatra became lovers and spent the winter besieged in Alexandria. A portrait of Cleopatra by a craftsman during her visit to Rome. According to Dr. Thayes Watkins of San Jose State University, Cleopatra became queen when she married her oldest brother after the death of her father. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. There could not have been any affection between Cleopatra and her brother. background: none !important; She did marry her brother as was the custom of the Ptolemies in order to keep their . In 48 BC, Ptolemy tried to depose his sister, forcing her to flee to Syria and Egypt. cursor: pointer; In the late 50s and into the 40s B.C., Cleopatra competed with her siblings - two brothers, both named Ptolemy, and her sister, Arsinoe - to rule Egypt. Cleopatra got rid of her first husband with the help of Caesar, who took her side in this power struggle. } The sister of Octavius.After the death of his wife Fulvia, Antony marries Octavia. .woocommerce-page #content table.cart input, The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. They merely did not have enduring sis. left: 0 !important; .main-navigation li { Known for: Bring the last pharaoh of Egypt, being a fabled beauty, her love affairs with Julius Caesar and Mark Antony, and - alongside Mark Antony - waging a war on . Why did cleopatra marry her brothers? However, as her brother grew older he began to want more power. Like many royal houses, members of the Ptolemaic dynasty often married within the family to preserve the purity of their bloodline. This was a common practice for the era, and it was said that Cleopatra had more than 30 lovers. More than a dozen of Cleopatra's ancestors tied the knot with cousins or siblings and it's likely that her own parents were brother and sister. .woocommerce .cart-collaterals .shipping_calculator .button, Back House For Rent Irvine, .site-header.full-width-mobile-logo .branding { .woocommerce input.button.alt.disabled, did Julius Caesar have a relationship with Cleopatra? Birth and personal life. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. She was 39 and had been a queen for 22 years and Antonys partner for 11. She was required to have a consort, and therefore had to marry her ten year old brother. } I made these wars for Egypt, and the Queen, Whose heart I thought I had, for she had mine, Which, whilst it was mine, had annexed unto't. A million more, now lostshe, Eros, has. display: none !important; Following the war, Cleopatra remarried to her younger brother Ptolemy XIV, but she is believed to have had him murdered in a bid to make her son her co-ruler. .woocommerce button.button, /* Minimum slider width */ max-width: 100%; One of the reasons that she killed a lot of people is so that she can stay ruler for a longer time. . 2. Why did Cleopatra marry her brother?Aug 3, 2019When her father Ptolemy XII died in 51 BC, Cleopatra became co-regent with her 10-year-old brother Ptolemy XII. display: block; .main-menu-close .fa-angle-left { .woocommerce-page .woocommerce-breadcrumb, What does as pure as Caesars better half? white-space: normal !important; According to Smithsonian magazine, Egyptian law and tradition decreed that pharaohs marry their sisters. Three of Cleopatra's children survived the civil war: little Ptolemy Philadelphus, Cleopatra Selene, and her twin brother, Alexander Helios. font-size: 26px; Found insideHe caught at her face, turning her to look at him, fingers digging into her Did he show you a good time, at least? Trying to escape, and prior brother-sister marriages in Egypt produced offspring ( so they clearly slept together.! When her father, Ptolemy XII, died in 51 BCE, Cleopatra and her brother, Ptolemy XIII, coruled until she was forced to flee, about 50 BCE. The government chose who married who at that time. top: 0; However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. #main-menu.panoramic-mobile-menu-standard-color-scheme li.current-menu-item > a, .no-results-btn:hover, Upon Ptolemy XIII's death after being defeated by her Roman-Egyptian armies, Cleopatra married his younger brother Ptolemy XIV. vertical-align: -0.1em !important; Alexander Helios was awarded Armenia and the territory beyond the Euphrates, his infant brother Ptolemy the lands to the west of it. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. } In 47. .site-header, Cleopatra then announced her son with Julius Caesar as a co-ruler and re-acquired rule of Egypt. Do it like Cleopatra instead. } Antony, now controller of Romes eastern territories, sent for Cleopatra so that she might explain her role in the aftermath of Caesars assassination. } Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Before you ask, neither of Cleopatra's brothers was named Jaime, and there was nothing taboo about royal Egyptian siblings saying, "I do" or "I do you in bed." } float: none; } Cleopatra then remarried after the death of her brother during battle. .woocommerce-page .cart-collaterals .shipping_calculator .button, Cleopatra was determined to rule. He first came into promi . Caesar and cleopatra were not married. If you are 13 years old when were you born? Cleopatra married first one brother, then another. .panoramic-slider-container.default .slider .slide .overlay.top-padded { Why did Cleopatra marry her brother? An individual who is needed to be above suspicion The media, he states, like to out a referee who is expected to be like Caesars other half, entirely above suspicion. They need to resemble Caesars partner completely above suspicion. Like lots of royal homes, members of the Ptolemaic dynasty typically wed within the household to maintain the pureness of their family More than a lots of Cleopatras forefathers got married with cousins or brother or sisters, and its most likely that her own moms and dads were bro and sibling. h1 a, h2 a, h3 a, h4 a, h5 a, h6 a, box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0; In 150, BC she married Alexander Balas in a sumptuous ceremony at Ptolemais Akko. .woocommerce-checkout #payment div.payment_box, This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. She was 22; he was 12. #main-menu.panoramic-mobile-menu-standard-color-scheme li.current_page_item > a, She was probably born ca. The stories and myths surrounding Cleopatra's life inspired people to write a number of books, movies and plays, including Antony and Cleopatra by Shakespeare. Cleopatra then remarried after the death of her brother during battle. Which religious beliefs can bro and sibling wed? .site-header.sticky.stuck{background-color:#ffffff;}a, Selena Gomez Favorite Sport, .site-header .site-top-bar-right a, Based upon the very same concepts uncle-niece marital relationships continues southern India. Her beauty was the product of Roman propaganda Contrary to modern portrayals from Elizabeth Taylor and Vivien Leigh, there is no evidence among ancient historians that Cleopatra was a great beauty. Cleopatra grew up in the care of her mother in Pella . .woocommerce ul.products li.product a.add_to_cart_button, .woocommerce button.button.alt, .woocommerce-page div.product span.price, .woocommerce-page input.button:hover, See Answer. .main-navigation #main-menu { Of Philippines in the original many excellent examples of that paid at least than Theos and easier. She was born in Egypt, lived in Egypt pretty much her whole life, spoke Egyptian, and became the pharaoh of Egypt. In the Egyptian scheme of things Pharoahs marry a sister to ensure the rulership never leaves the royal family. Cleopatra did not love Ptolemy XIII but for political interests she married him. When, at the Battle of Philippi in 42 bce, Caesars assassins were routed, Mark Antony became the heir apparent of Caesars authorityor so it seemed, for Caesars great-nephew and personal heir, Octavian, was but a sickly boy. text-transform: uppercase; } .woocommerce-page a.button, -ms-transition: right 0.4s ease 0s; Found insideThere was a strong precedent there for fraternal marriage. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. button, Cleopatra was not Egyptian. When Ptolemy XIII died in 47 BC, Cleopatra married her younger brother, Ptolemy XIV, to ensure that her reign was still legitimized . padding: 0 22px; 2. /* Solidify the navigation menu */ Cleopatra married her younger brother Ptolemy XIII first.. Cleopatra and Julius Caesar became lovers. Theos reportedly drowned attempting to flee, while Arsinoe was captured and taken to Rome as a political prisoner. In her arms is her lover, the Roman general and statesman Mark Antony (83 -30 BC), who is dying of a self-inflicted stab wound. .header-menu-button { border-bottom-color: #FFFFFF; border-top-color: #FFFFFF; It's believed that the siblings were married shortly after their reign began, but Britannica says that isn't 100% certain. Seven relations are forbidden since of consanguinity, i.e. Post Award Grant Management Jobs, The post notes that Omar married Ahmed Hirsi in 2002. After the death of her sister is married to her throne wrong, As long as they were alive, there was a daughter of Ptolemy XIII, who was about years. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. .main-navigation, Queen Cleopatra of Egypt is the most well known of all the ancient Egyptian queens. input[type="email"], Cleopatra would later poison Ptolemy X1V. .main-navigation ul ul ul { #comments .form-submit #submit:hover, and, later, Mark Antony (c. 81-30 B.C.E. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. margin: 0 .07em !important; display: block; .woocommerce-page #content input.button.alt:hover, #main-menu.panoramic-mobile-menu-standard-color-scheme .menu { .search-btn:hover, Father, Triumvir Mark Antony lead his army to battles match for the sake of formality, Ptolemy to. When she chose the wrong side, the Romans actually helped her brother to displace her. What illness does gospel singer Lee Williams have? Are there any living loved ones of Cleopatra? When her father Ptolemy XII died in 51 BC,. @media only screen and (max-width: 960px) { .main-navigation.translucent { 2. More than a dozen of Cleopatra's ancestors tied the knot with cousins or siblings, and it's likely that her own parents were brother and . In Alexandria, Cleopatra and Antony formed a society of inimitable livers whose members lived what some historians have interpreted as a life of debauchery and folly and others have interpreted as lives dedicated to the cult of the mystical god Dionysus.
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