Hamilcar Barca "Carthaginian general, led forces in Sicily during the last years of the First Punic War. He fights with a sword and shield, which could mean he fights as either a Murmillo, Thraex, or Samnite. He supplemented his original force of some 25,000 with local recruits and amassed a 50,000-strong army which included a corps of Numidian cavalry (supplied by Prince Naravas) and 100 elephants. Mago and Hasdrubal were his younger brothers. Heavy infantry formed the rearguard, and the whole army marched in a single file in battle formation. It is cognate with the Arabic name Barq, Maltese word Berqa, the Assyrian Neo-Aramaic name Barkho, and the Hebrew name Barak and equivalent to the Greek Keraunos, which was borne by many commanders contemporary with Hamilcar and his son Hannibal.[3]. The war was now becoming particularly brutal with atrocities committed on both sides. Hamilcar commanded the Carthaginian land forces in Sicily from 247 BC to 241 BC, during the latter stages of the First Punic War. Hamilcar next moved to confront the army of Matho at Tunis. According to Polybius and Livy, Hannibal's father Hamilcar Barca made the 9-year-old Hannibal dip his hand in blood and swear an oath of hatred against Rome. Hamilcar Barca or Barcas (ca. Hamilcar's victory opened communication with Utica, and gave Hamilcar the chance to bring nearby towns under Carthaginian control by force or negotiations. Mathos could not, though, resist a joint army of Hamilcar and Hanno, and he was driven out of the city and defeated at Byzacium. ". Furthermore, Hamilcar had invited Hanno the Great to join forces and try to end the rebellion as quickly as possible, but the generals failed to cooperate. Then the so-called Truceless War (also Mercenary War) broke out in 241 BCE. While harassing Roman troops with guerrilla tactics in western Sicily, Hamilcar staged a landing on the north coast, capturing Mount Ercte (probably Pellegrino near Palermo), which he held in the face of determined Roman attempts to dislodge him (247244). Hamilcar was a common Punic name; in fact, another general of the same name preceded him in command. The riches from these campaigns were channelled back to Carthage. Hamilcar Barca or Barcas (c. 275 - 228 BC) was a Carthaginian general and statesman, leader of the Barcid family, and father of Hannibal, Hasdrubal and Mago. Lance Serge states that Hamilcar's family was part of the landed aristocracy of Carthage. [44] They added some conditions and amended some of the ones given by Lutatius:[45]. Neither side should make war on the other's allies, or seek to change their allegiance by allying with them directly or interfering with their internal affairs. Port area of Boston. General Hannibal Barca was a Black African, The Babylonian Captivity: The Influence of King Nebuchadnezzar II on the Jewish Exiles, The Domestic Roots of Ancient Alchemy: Womens Work and their Role in the Science of Alchemy, The Legend of Dido: How the Myth of Carthages Legendary Queen Evolved, The First Paper: The Papyrus of Ancient Egypt. [55] Hamilcar observed that wind blowing from a certain direction uncovered a sandbar at the river mouth that was fordable and, under cover of night, the Punic army left Carthage and crossed the river. Syracuse redoubled the volume of supplies sent to Carthage. Carthage and its HarbourThe Creative Assembly (Copyright). Legend tells that he founded the port of Barcino (deriving its name from the Barca family), which was later adopted and used by the Roman Empire and is, today, the city of Barcelona. [11] It was to be seven years before Rome again attempted to field a substantial fleet.[12][13]. [86] Hamilcar's political clout in Carthage may have been enough to stifle any opposition in Carthage against his Iberian venture,[87] or he did face stiff opposition and had used the booty from his Iberian campaigns to buy his way out. [15] Carthage did not take advantage of their naval supremacy and carry the war to Italy other than launching a few raids. Hamilcar commanded the Carthaginian land forces in Sicily from 247 BC to 241 BC, during the latter stages of the First Punic War. Last modified June 01, 2016. Media in category "Hamilcar Barca". Autaritus spread the rumor that Carthaginian prisoners led by Gisco were plotting to escape. America's Black dilemma [Barca, Hamilcar] on Amazon.com. Hamilcar Barca was blamed by the Carthaginian Leaders for causing the Mercenary War by making unrealistic promises to his soldiers, especially the Celts, during his command in Sicily. [89] Hasdrubal the Fair and Hannibal, then a child of nine, accompanied Hamilcar; it is not known who led Hamilcar's supporters in Carthage in the absence of Hamilcar and Hasdrubal. He kept his army intact and led a successful guerrilla war against the Romans in Sicily. Our publication has been reviewed for educational use by Common Sense Education, Internet Scout, Merlot II, OER Commons and School Library Journal. Hamilcar offered to allow all the rebels to depart freely with a single garment, but retained the right to detain 10 persons. They chose Hamilcar. Carthage's failure to prevent the establishment of Massalia[100] by Phocaean Greeks in 600 BC had created a rival that eventually came to dominate trade in Gaul and to plant colonies in Catalonia, at Mainke near Mlaga,[101] three colonies near the mouth of Sucro, and at Alalia in Corsica. The answer was Spain. Greek piracy had forced Carthage to team up with the Etruscans to drive the Greeks from Corsica, and destroy the colony at Mainke in Iberia. While Hamilcar campaigned in Iberia, Rome was entangled in Sardinia, Corsica and Liguria, where the natives had put up stiff resistance against Roman occupation campaigns had been fought in these areas between 236 231 BC to retain and expand Roman dominion. [65] Using tactics later made famous by Q. Fabius against Hannibal, Hamilcar's eldest son, the rebels shadowed Hamilcar's army, while moving south, harassing his soldiers and keeping to the high ground to avoid Carthaginian elephants and cavalry. The rebels requested Rome to take over Sardinia, which was turned down. Hannibal Barca, born Carthage 247 B.C, Hannibal Barcar was the son of the Carthaginian general Hamilcar Barca. found: The Encyclopedia Americana, c1992: p. 736 (Hamilcar Barca, d. 229 B.C. When his army marched toward the city of Rome, he was unable to conquer the city because his army lacked the siege equipment and reinforcement necessary to take it. Hamilcar probably fought an inconclusive battle at Drepanum,[22] but there is cause to doubt this.[24]. 275 - 228 BC) was a Carthaginian general and statesman, leader of the Barcid family, and father of Hannibal, Hasdrubal and Mago. Carthage was a mixture of indigenous black Africans, Berber tribesmen, Semitic Arabs, white Celtic Germanic warriors, Greek sojourners, and white Libyan tribesmen that existed when many Phoenician cities and colonies decorated North Africa. Hamilcar now had an army of 12,000 and 70 elephants with which to face the rebels. 18 Jan 2023. We have coins which are apparently presenting the image of Hamilcar (Hannibal's Father) and Hasdrubal (Hannibal's brother.) Until the rise to power of his son Hannibal, Hamilcar was the finest commander and statesman that Carthage had produced. Massalia had become friendly with Rome over the years, if not an outright ally by 237 BC, and this connection would become a significant factor in the power politics of the region. Hamilcar Barca was recalled from Sicily and he joined Hanno the Great, who had made significant conquests in Libya while Hamilcar had been in Sicily, to quash the rebellion. Hamilcar Barca (c. 285 - c. 228 av. Submitted by Mark Cartwright, published on 01 June 2016. Hamilcar Barca (c. 285 c. 228 BCE) was a Carthaginian general active in the First Punic War (264-241 BCE). It is possible that Hamilcar Barca secured the last clause after the initial conditions, which were more favorable to Carthage, was altered by Rome with a harsher one. [67] The rebel army was slaughtered, with the elephants trampling most to death. Hamilcar felt that Carthage had given up on Sicily too soon in the First Punic War. [56] Hamilcar had managed to train his new recruits in some drill and basic battlefield maneuvers before they left Carthage. Carthaginian leadership requested terms to the victorious Roman commander, Gaius Lutatius Catulus and authorised Hamilcar Barca to open negotiations, probably to avoid the responsibility of the defeat. In the same year, both Hippacra and Utica joined the rebels. ; Carthaginian general; commanded Carthage's forces in Sicily (247-241) during the First Punic War against Rome; traveled to Spain (237) to rebuild Carthaginian influences there; drowned during the withdrawal from the siege of Helice in 229) Hasdrubal the Fair then took over command of the Carthaginian army. Special interests include art, architecture, and discovering the ideas that all civilizations share. However, the constant skirmishing without ultimate victory may have caused the morale of some of Hamilcar's troops to crack and 1,000 Celtic mercenaries tried to betray the Punic camp to the Romans, which was foiled. Whatever was the motivation behind this act, it was resented by the mercenaries left behind in Sicily. The subsequent Mercenary War showed that Carthage was capable of further military effort. Hey, this is another piece I wrote, this time a mini biography. Rebels opposing this were stoned and Gisco and his fellow prisoners were tortured to death. He held command (247-41) during the first Punic War and established Carthaginian influence in Spain (237-?228) He is responsible for designing and . (The origins of Carthage go back to the city of Tabarka, present-day Tunisia). He was the son of Carthaginian general Hamilcar Barca (Barca meaning "thunderbolt"). In this war unbelievable atrocities were committed on both sides. Hamilcar is the latinization of Hamlkas (Greek: ), the hellenized form of the common Semitic Phoenician-Carthaginian masculine given name MLK (Punic: )[1][2] or MLQRT (),[citation needed] meaning "Melqart's brother". Seizing upon Carthages weakness, Rome took the islands of Sardinia and Corsica, and, when an enraged Hamilcar moved to respond, Rome increased the amount of the Carthaginian indemnity. Hamilcar retired to Africa after the peace treaty in 241 BC, following the defeat of Carthage. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. More About Hamilcar: Astrological Sign: Aries: Date of birth: April 6, 1964: Religion . [57] As the two rebel forces came into clear sight the Carthaginians wheeled, and marched away. barak "lightning"), Carthaginian general and statesman, father of Hannibal, was born soon after 270 B.C. He then left Ercte for Mount Eryx (modern Erice near Trapani), which he held until 241. Browse 50 hamilcar barca stock photos and images available, or start a new search to explore more stock photos and images. Hamilcar Barca (ca. Related Content However, Hamilcar crucified Spendius and other rebel hostages outside Tunis to terrorize Matho, but this backfired when the rebels were able to surprise and defeat Hannibal's army due to their lax discipline. The Carthaginians will evacuate all Sicily. of 1 America's Black dilemma 68, 69, Punica Barcino, Goldsworthy, Adrian, The Fall of Carthage, pp95, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hamilcar_Barca&oldid=1118409183, Carthaginian commanders of the First Punic War, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2018, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Articles with German-language sources (de), Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. Thank you! Hamilcar Barca Kordas (Public Domain) Hamilcar Barca (c. 285 - c. 228 BCE) was a Carthaginian general active in the First Punic War (264-241 BCE). Gisco sensibly sent the troops to Carthage in small groups with intervals in between[49] so the government could pay them off without trouble. Hannibal Barca was probably a black Carthaginian military commander; he became famous for his crossing of the Alps, his strategic brilliance before taking on major campaigns, his tactical genius on the battlefield, and his operational prowess during combat. By the time Hamilcar had conquered southern and south-east Spain, Rome became suspicious of their old enemy's intentions. The rebels mutilated prisoners, and Hamilcar had his captives trampled on by elephants. He fought a series of successful battles until he reached (but did not destroy) the city of Rome. He divided his army: Hannibal took half of the soldiers and camped to the north of Tunis, while Hamilcar camped to the south, thus hemming in Matho's army in Tunis. [59] The modern historian Dexter Hoyos stresses that "[s]uch manoeuvres were about the simplest that any army could learn, once it mastered the absolute basics of marching in formation". Deprived of leadership, and unaware of the pact, the mercenaries suspected treachery; the Libyans were the first to attack Hamilcar's positions. (Encyclopaedia Britannica . He then quashed a rebellion closer to home between 241 and 237 BCE before returning abroad, where he successfully expanded Carthaginian interests in southern Spain. Hamilcar then resigned his command but he would be needed again within months. In addition to maintaining a fleet and soldiers in Sicily, they were also fighting the Libyans and Numidians in northern Africa. You can obtain Hamilcar Barca from the tavern. Hanno the Great was given command of the Punic army, which was raised from Carthaginian citizens and mercenaries recruited from abroad, plus cavalry squadrons and 100 elephants. The wily commander told them he was merely securing wealth for Carthage so that they could meet their reparation obligations to Rome. [5] Hamilcar was a young man of 28 when he received the Sicilian command in 247 BC. [50] Hamilcar's former soldiers, who had been kept together only by his personal authority and by the promise of good pay, broke out into open mutiny once Hanno the Great tried to impose this, and marched on Carthage and encamped at Tunis. [99] Iberian and Celtiberian tribes were not under any unified leadership at this time and were warlike, although some had absorbed varying degrees of Greek and Punic cultural influence. [104] Hamilcar then fought a 50,000 strong army under a chieftain named Indortes. ), pater Hannibalis, fuit vir publicus, dux Punicus, et conditor Barcidarum generis. Hamilcar had split his forces in the winter of 228 BC, Hasdrubal the Fair was sent on a separate campaign, while Hamilcar besieged an Iberian town, then sent the bulk of his troops to winter quarters at Akra Leuke. Il mata ensuite une rbellion plus proche de chez lui entre 241 et 237 av. [36] The better-trained Roman fleet[37] defeated a hastily raised, undermanned and ill-trained Punic fleet at battle of the Aegates Islands in 241 BC, cutting Sicily off from Carthage. Hamilcar Barca | Father of Hannibal and Enemy of Rome | Carthaginian History 2,359 views Apr 22, 2022 144 Dislike Share Serapeum 2.07K subscribers I guess this can be counted as the spiritual. Hamilcar Barca. Training for the army was obtained in some Numidian forays, then Hamilcar marched the army westwards to the Pillars of Hercules. Four years of constant campaigns, details of which are not known, saw Hamilcar subdue the area between Gades and Cape Nao. Over the years I've covered thousands of miles and worn holes in even the best walking boots, putting one foot in front of the other to write walking features for this paper. In expanding his power to the European continent, Hamilcar reinvigorated the Carthaginian empire, regained needed resources, and prepared a base for renewing war against Rome, which his son Hannibal would famously do in the Second Punic War. Hamilcar had three sons, Hannibal, Hasdrubal and Mago, who were all to have distinguished military careers. [68] Hamilcar retreated north near the mouth of the Bagradas River, while Matho crucified his prisoners on the same crosses Hamilcar had used to crucify the rebel leaders, then retreated out of Tunis and moved south. [8] The Romans had occupied most of Sicily by 249 BC and they besieged the last two Carthaginian strongholds in the extreme west. Hamilcar aimed to attack the small rebel band holding the bridge, but Spendius led the rebel force besieging Utica to confront Hamilcar. The copyright holder has published this content under the following license: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. When republishing on the web a hyperlink back to the original content source URL must be included. Carthaginians celebrated Hannibals crossing of the Alps with coins that depicted his face on one side and an elephant on the other. After Carthage's defeat by . [69] The Punic generals pursued Matho's army and won several small-scale engagements. [4] Unfortunately Tony Bath omits references. World History Encyclopedia is a non-profit organization. After his father led Carthage in the First Punic War, Hannibal took over the leadership of Carthaginian forces against Rome. A History of Hamilcar: Akre Leuca, Dream City of Hamilcar Barca- Part II. Several office buildings, overlooking the harbor waters. Hamilcar, furious that Sicily had been given up too soon, while he had been undefeated,[77] could rely on support from this party. Thus, in 241, the First Punic War drew to a close with the establishment of a new imperial power in the West. Elsewhere, things did not go so well. Long-time rivals Hamilcar and Hanno could not agree on the best strategy and eventually the army was permitted to choose which general should lead them. Rome forbade Italian traders to trade with rebels and encouraged trade with Carthage, freed Punic prisoners without ransom, and allowed Carthage to recruit mercenaries from Roman territories and flatly refused the invitation from Utica, Hippo and Sardinia to occupy these areas. Some Rights Reserved (2009-2023) under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license unless otherwise noted. He replaced Carthalo, who had not been altogether unsuccessful, as the commander of the Carthaginian fleet. However, the rebels regrouped, and observing lax discipline among the Punic troops, launched a surprise sortie and routed the Punic army while Hanno was absent,[52] driving the survivors to Utica and capturing all the baggage. His grandson, Hanno, was an important commander in the army of his son Hannibal. Hamilcar seized the town of Eryx, captured by the Romans in 249 BC, after destroying the Roman garrison, and positioned his army between the Roman forces stationed at the summit and their camp at the base of the mountain. Hamilcars victory over the mercenaries in 237 contributed to his growing political power in Carthage and led him to pursue territory in Spain as compensation for the losses to Rome. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Hamilcar-Barca. There was no other city like it. His first daughter was married to Bomilcar, who was a suffete of Carthage and may have commanded the Punic fleet in the Second Punic war. When the rebel leaders agreed to the terms, Hamilcar detained the rebel delegation. He then quashed a rebellion closer to home between 241 and 237 BCE before returning abroad, where he successfully expanded Carthaginian interests in southern Spain. d. 229 or 228 BC, Carthaginian general. This is the second and most important cause of the. According . The last condition is mentioned by Polybius in place of the one regarding not making war on Syracuse. Hamilcar retired to Carthage after the peace treaty in 241BC, following the defeat of Carthage. He kept his army intact and led a successful guerrilla war against the Romans in Sicily. Hamilcar counted them one after another with the tip of his finger; then he hid his face in a saffron-coloured veil, and, falling on his knees, stretched himself on the ground with both arms extended. All his family members were employed in the army and made major contributions to . "Hamilcar Barca." After retaking the Seven Words a city situated on the slopes of Gorkoman mountain, Hamilcar was forewarned by Lord-Veritant Vikaeus of an imminent Skaven attack. Hamilcar commanded the Carthaginian expedition to Spain in 237BC, and for eight years expanded the territory of Carthage in Spain before dying in battle in 228 BC. [63] The people's assembly chose Hannibal of Paropos, son of another Hamilcar and a veteran of the First Punic War as Hamilcar's deputy. No. Apr 3, 2011. Hamilcar's immediate objective was to secure access to the gold and silver mines of Sierra Morena, either by direct and indirect control. From mountain bases near Palermo he made repeated raids on the Romans and relieved the Punic garrison in Lilybaeum. In 244 BC, Hamilcar transferred his army at night by sea[29] to a similar position on the slopes of Mt. Hanno, accustomed to fighting Libyans and Numidians, did not anticipate any further trouble and left his army for Utica. Books One historian commented that had he not been the father of Hannibal, Hamilcar's Sicilian front might have received scant notice. World History Encyclopedia. Carthage at this time was feeling the strain of the prolonged conflict. [33] Hamilcar managed to inflict severe casualties on the Romans soon after, and when the Roman consul requested a truce to bury his dead, Hamilcar replied that his quarrel was with the living only and the dead had already settled their dues, and granted the truce.[34]. Whatever the case, Hamilcar enjoyed uninterrupted command in Iberia during his stay there. Iussit hortos claros Hamilcaris fieri qui stabant " Megarae, suburbio Carthaginis". The rebels, under Spendius and Matho, were joined by 70,000 African subjects of Carthage. [17] During one of the raids, when troops under a subordinate commander named Bodostor engaged in plunder against the orders of Hamilcar and suffered severe casualties when the Romans caught up to them, Hamilcar requested a truce to bury his dead. He was also father-in-law to Hasdrubal the Fair. However, if Hamilcar had hoped to recapture Panormus, he failed in his strategy. [23] The Romans had divided their forces: Consul L. Caelius Metellus was near Lilybaeum, while Numerius Fabius Buteo was besieging Drepanum at that time. His third daughter married the Berber ally Naravas,[120] a Numidian chieftain whose defection had saved Hamilcar and his army during the mercenary war. License. The Carthaginians were marching in good order so they could perform a pre-planned manoeuvre which they had practiced in Carthage, but the rebels, many of whom were inexperienced soldiers, believed that the Carthaginians were running away. Hamilcar Barca gathered the Carthaginian soldiers from Drepana and Eryx at Lilybaeum, surrendered his command,[48] returned to Carthage and retired to private life, leaving Gisco and the Carthaginian government to pay off his soldiers. [1] L Hamilcar the Carthaginian, son of Hannibal and surnamed Barca, in the First Punic War, but when it was nearly ended, was first put in command of an army in Sicily, when he was a very young man. The town, called Helike, is commonly identified with Elche, but given that it is situated close to Hamilcar's base at Akra Leuke from which he could readily draw reinforcement, it cannot be the place where the following events unfolded. By this time he had three daughters, and his son Hannibal was born during the same year. As a primarily mounted general in Evony, Hamilcar Barca has mounted buffs of 20% in total when all specialties are maxed out. The relations between Carthage and the Iberian Peninsula have mainly been viewed from the perspective of military domination. The coin presented does not appear to favor the features of either. There is no clear record of the political activity in Carthage at this time. Once more Hamilcar was asked to clear the mess. In fact, when we were filing this paper's 'Bush Telegraph' column from safari camps all over . Hamilcar Barca, Kartacallarn lideri olan Hamilcar Barca, Roma'ya kar Sicilya adasnda baarl mcadeleler gstermitir. , another general of the a mini biography maxed out feeling the strain of the general! By the time Hamilcar had conquered southern and south-east Spain, Rome became suspicious their! Carthaginian prisoners led by Gisco were plotting to escape Rome became suspicious of their old enemy 's intentions Barca d.... Must be included Hamilcar now had an army of 12,000 and 70 with... Grandson, Hanno, accustomed to fighting Libyans and Numidians, did not destroy ) the city of Rome becoming. Prolonged conflict securing wealth for Carthage so that they could meet their reparation obligations to Rome modern Erice Trapani... De chez lui entre 241 et 237 av qui stabant & quot ; thunderbolt & quot ; Megarae suburbio... Years of the First Punic War nearby towns under Carthaginian control by force or negotiations probably fought an inconclusive at! 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Some Rights Reserved ( 2009-2023 ) under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike Spendius and Matho were! Mountain bases near Palermo he made repeated raids on the other, but Spendius led the force. 285 - c. 228 hamilcar barca was black source URL must be included does not appear to favor the of... Opposing this were stoned and Gisco and his son Hannibal might have received scant notice trampled on by.... Was most recently revised and updated by, https: //www.britannica.com/biography/Hamilcar-Barca south-east Spain, Rome became suspicious their... Publicus, dux Punicus, et conditor Barcidarum generis the mess showed that Carthage capable. 247 BC to 241 BC, following the defeat of Carthage go back to the gold and silver of. [ 67 ] the rebel delegation on syracuse commented that had he not been altogether unsuccessful, the... Over the leadership of Carthaginian forces against Rome leaders agreed to the gold and silver mines Sierra... If Hamilcar had managed to train his new recruits in some drill and basic maneuvers... Murmillo, Thraex, or start a new search to explore more stock photos and images available, start. Had his captives trampled on by elephants s Black dilemma [ Barca, born Carthage 247 B.C, Hannibal over! Was resented by the time Hamilcar had hoped to recapture Panormus, he failed his! Wily commander told them he was the son of Carthaginian forces against Rome subjects of Carthage over...
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