WebFIRE. 2023 Manila Bulletin The Nation's Leading Newspaper. Public Health. Available from: Calais P. Gaussian plume atmospheric modelling and radiation exposure calculations following the cremation of a deceased thyroid cancer patient treated with iodine-131. London, UK: OSPAR; 2011. Dove tries to escape the emissions from Paradise Memorial Crematory by keeping her windows and doors shut or leaving her complex. In these structures, the pyre is a metal tray heated with firewood. Energy Procedia. Flames represent incomplete combustion (think not completely cremated bodyyuck) and are as unwelcome as smoke and are even more representative of pollution. Burial caskets coated in insecticides or preservatives can be a source of PCDD/Fs. Available from: Government of British Columbia. No matter the materials burned, or the weight of the deceased, crematoriums are allowed to release smoke visible up to 20% opacity in the air, according to Maricopa County Air Quality regulations. 2005;79(1):299-306. The hazardous visible aerosol particles, referred to as particulate matter, that crematoriums emit is of minimal concern compared with the pollution caused by vehicle traffic or backyard bonfires, said Philip McNeely, director of the air quality department. Characterizing the emissions of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans from crematories and their impacts to the surrounding environment. Right now, about 50 such units are spread around nine Indian states. While these substances have been associated with a range of adverse health effects, no studies have been found that show causal links between crematoria emissions and adverse health effects. A power outage March 2 interrupted an active cremation at Paradise Memorial and sent black smoke billowing from the chimney for 5 to 10 minutes while the system shut down, Ahearne said. Cremations cost an average of $6,645 nationally, with a cremation casket and urn, and about $5,812 in Arizona, according to the association. In the Northwest Territories, under proposed elements for the Cremation Regulations, the Chief Public Health Officer will consider applications for crematoria and determine if proposed processes are safe. 1994;23(6):1364-6. Creative Commons, Walter Cronkite School of Journalism and Mass Communication. The rise was fueled by the COVID-19 death toll and pandemic restrictions, the low cost of cremation services and the flexible timing for funeral arrangements with cremated ashes. Available from: South Australia Environment Protection Authority. The temperature ranges from approximately 1400 to 1800 degrees Fahrenheit, depending on the type of body being cremated. High temperature (e.g., >850C) and residence time (2 s) for gases in the second chamber can reduce the quantity of PICs released, as can ensuring sufficient O. Other studies in Sweden37and Norway38have detected Hg in soils downwind of anthropogenic sources including crematoria, although the relative contribution and correlation with ambient air concentrations have not been reported. With travel restrictions and social distancing guidelines in place for many states throughout the pandemic, cremation extends the time frame for grieving families to make decisions for the deceased. The COVID-19 pandemic is much more.. By 2030, the cremation rate in Arizona is expected to reach nearly 80%, the National Funeral Directors Association says. Free shipping. Since 1992, the nonprofit Mokshda Green Cremation System has been trying to curb this pollution by giving communities access to more fuel-efficient structures for funerary rites. Exposure to Hg has been found to be higher amongst crematoria staff than in a control population, and exposure to fine particulates may occur, particularly where there are no operational and engineering controls to reduce exposure to dust.44,45A recent occupational exposure study following the cremation of a deceased patient treated with a radiopharmaceutical Lutetium-177 (Lu177) found no trace of the radioactive substance in the urine of the crematorium operator but detected radiation within the crematorium and presence of another isotope in the employees urine, suggesting possible exposure on a previous occasion.9. our Online Arrangement For m. All complaints are individually investigated by the department, McNeely said. This is not a comprehensive evidence review. Canberra, ACT: Environment, Planning and Sustainable Development Directorate; 2018. A modern cremator will generally include a reburner, which burns again the gasses going up the chimney. Crematorium emissions depend on the materials burned in the chamber, according to a 2020 Canadianstudy, such as natural gas used to fuel incineration chambers and particulate matter and heavy metals, such as trace amounts of mercury from dental fillings. Ottawa, ON: CCME; 2017. In addition, Garg says, the nonprofit has received inquiries from other countries in Africa and Asia about making their pyre cremations greener. Sarcophagi burn during a traditional Hindu mass cremation event on August 18, 2013, in Bali, Indonesia. Crematoria contribute approximately 5% of total PCDD/Fs, 6% of total Hg emissions and 0.25% of PM2.5emissions in Canada.3,11These estimates are based on the number of cremations reported per year and pollutant-specific emissions factors for crematoria.12,13Most large-scale facilities generating high levels of emissions will report to theNational Pollutant Release Inventory(NPRI) for Canada. Overview assessment of implementation reports on OSPAR Recommendation 2003/4 on controlling the dispersal of mercury from crematoria. The average U.S. cremation, for instance, takes up about the same amount of energy and has the same emissions as about two tanks of gas in an average car, Menkin says. I understand that you have to take care of the dead, Dove said. Can fasting help you live longer? Radiation contamination following cremation of a deceased patient treated with a radiopharmaceutical. Available from: British Columbia Centre for Disease Control. Notes on cremation and crematoria. Partly fueled by the pandemic, the U.S. cremation rate reached 56% in 2020; it was 67% in Arizona. Available from: Andersson M, Ottesen RT, Langedal M. Geochemistry of urban surface soils Monitoring in Trondheim, Norway. Paradise Memorial Crematory processes heavier bodies in the morning and the lighter ones in the afternoon and evening to limit visible pollution. Available from: Schleicher O, Jensen A, Blinksbjerg P, Thomsen E, Schilling B. Dioxin emissions from biomass fired energy plants and other sources in Denmark. Hopefully this pandemic thing will calm down and get back to kind of normal, he said. Her complaint is among 20 filed in Maricopa County regarding crematorium smoke from Feb. 27, 2020, to March 2, 2021. Available from: United Nations Environment Programme. These incinerators also represent much larger point sources of pollutants compared to crematoria, processing in excess of 100 times the quantity of material per day. (It) covers the whole area, Dubner said. Available from: Wang L-C, Lee W-J, Lee W-S, Chang-Chien G-P, Tsai P-J. Cronkite News is the news division of Arizona PBS. Natural and anthropogenic metal inputs to soils in urban Uppsala, Sweden. Low start-up temperatures can cause incomplete combustion in the initial stages of cremation, resulting in release of particulates or products of incomplete combustion (PICs) such as PCDD/Fs. Yellowknife, NWT: Government of Northwest Territories; 2019 May. Wheeling, IL: CANA; 2019 [cited 2019 Dec 10]; Available from: Tibau AV, Grube BD. Crematorium furnaces combust at very high temperatures, 1590-1797 degrees Fahrenheit or 870 - 980 degrees Celsius, and it takes at least an hour to incinerate the body. Audit report Crematoria industry sector. Over the past four years, cremations have surpassed burials as the most popular end-of-life option in the United States, according to the National Funeral Directors Association. Heres how to save yours from ending up in a landfill. The Regulations also prohibit the use of plastics, fiberglass, foam, Styrofoam, rubber, PVC and Zn in funeral containers to reduce harmful emissions.55In Ontario, Environmental Compliance Approval through the Ministry of Environment, Conservation and Parks is required prior to replacement or construction of human and pet crematoria to address concentrations of air pollutants on and beyond a cemetery property under normal operations. Industry officials say crematoriums are safe and meet all government air-quality standards. This story originally was published on Cronkite News. Arizonans opt for cremation more frequently than the national average, with 67% choosing that option in 2020, according to a July 2020 report from the National Funeral Directors Association. With travel restrictions and social distancing guidelines in place for many states throughout the pandemic, cremation extends the time frame for grieving families to make decisions for the deceased. PCDD/Fs are classified as possible human carcinogens and Hg is a neurotoxin. A cremation chamber, also known as a retort, is where the cremation process takes place. Animal-friendly laws are gaining traction across the U.S. COVID-19 is more widespread in animals than we thought. The Ganges: Cremation Fires Burn in Sacred City. A precautionary approach could be adopted that includes following best practice recommendations for design, operation, monitoring and maintenance of crematoria. Available from: Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission. Effects of mercury release from amalgam dental restorations during cremation on soil mercury levels of three New Zealand crematoria. Locally, sulphur dioxide gas can lead . Waste incinerators tend to be much larger-scale installations, and also have more varied inputs than crematoria, but these facilities also produce combustion emissions including trace metals, particulates, and organic compounds such as PCDD/Fs. Do crematoriums smell UK? Terms used in the search included variants and Boolean operator combinations of (cremat* OR funeral home) AND (health OR illness OR irrita* OR annoy* OR emission OR air quality). Ottawa, ON: Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission; 2018. That lift, which was extended in June and again in December, is in effect through May 31. Emissions of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans from an electric arc furnace, secondary aluminum smelter, crematory and joss paper incinerators. What were trying to do here is cremate as many as we have to for our clients and not smoke at all, Ahearne said. See these chickens go from coop to catwalk, Cannibalism in animals is more common than you think, Why 2023 could be the year of the superbloom, Wildlife on the move: from trafficking to rescue and rewilding, Why your recycling doesn't always get recycled, The mystery behind thundersnow, a rare winter phenomenon, This forgotten tech could solve the worlds palm oil problem, Vikings in North America? Find a staff list and description of our beats here. Best Cremation offers Orange cremation services at prices families can afford. 8749, or the Clean Air Act, recognizes the peoples right to breathe clean air and directs the state to guarantee its enjoyment by all, he said. Sometimes known as water cremation or aquamation, this way of dissolving a body in water is now legal in at least 18 states. Paul Rahill, an environmental consultant at the Chicago-based Cremation Association of North America, said the industry has been unfairly tarnished. crematoria. So, its not nothing.. According to Arizona Department of Health Services data, the state saw surges in COVID-19 related deaths during the summer and winter, with a single-day high of 173 deaths reported Jan. 18. Last April, Maricopa County Air Quality lifted a regulation prohibiting crematoriums from operating past sunset, giving them more time to cremate the increased number of COVID-19 deaths. Zoning code. 2023 Cronkite News. Guidelines on best available techniques and provisional guidance on best environmental practices relevant to Article 5 and Annex C of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants. Last year, Paradise Memorial Crematory one of the largest in the state cremated 6,868 bodies, an increase from 6,071 in 2019, before the pandemic began. Crematoria are usually considered small-scale installations with relatively low total emissions compared to other types of incineration facilities such as municipal waste incinerators or industrial processes. Air pollutant emissions inventory report. Available from: Northwest Territories Department of Health and Social Services. Can contamination of the environment by dioxins cause craniofacial defects? 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The presence of radioactive substances within the remains, either from devices or as a result of radiotherapy, could result in low levels of radiation or radioactive particles to be present in the combustion chamber. In these. Smoke coming from crematoriumswhich have become more active as a result of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemicis causing a legitimate air pollution issue. These pollutants could have severe effects on the surrounding environment and human health. One study reported downwind soil concentrations of Hg, which was detected up to 30 m away from crematoria sites. The average American produces almost five pounds of waste every day. EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2019. The study assessed the risk of stillbirth, neonatal death, and lethal congenital anomalies among babies of mothers living close to incinerators or crematoria in Cumbria, England, between 1956 and 1993.42An increased risk of stillbirth and anencephalus was found to be associated with residential proximity to crematoria; however, a causal effect could not be inferred. Zoning by-laws Part 2 General provisions. (Video courtesy of David Dubner). All rights reserved, according to the National Funeral Directors Association, creative things you can do with a loved ones ashes. 1938 1938/10/01/;52:111-4. The cremations continue through the night in a scene that has unfolded across America as COVID-19 deaths have risen to more than 540,000 over the past year. The process of corpse cremation generates numerous harmful air pollutants, including particulate matter (PM), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and heavy metals. Nationally, the median cost to bury an adult in a traditional ceremony is $7,640, according to the association. The handles of the Eco Casket are bolted on, and can . Dizon said that while we lack local data on pollutants released by crematoria and their health impacts, its no secret that cremators release hazardous air pollutants.. Hg-abatement equipment, such as activated carbon filters, scrubbers, and technologies that bind or precipitate Hg, are effective at reducing Hg emissions. The cremations continue through the night in a scene that has unfolded across America as Covid-19 deaths have risen to more than 540,000 over the past year. Available from: Western Australia Environmental Protection Authority. 140F - 180F C. 1,400F - 1800F D. 100C - 212C Available from: Takeda N, Takaoka M, Fujiwara T, Takeyama H, Eguchi S. PCDDs/DFs emissions from crematories in Japan. Every crematory will smoke, if they tell you they dont, theyre lying, he said. But once it starts, theres nothing we can do.. What were trying to do here is cremate as many as we have to for our clients and not smoke at all, Ahearne said. In Arizona, where 16,842 have died in the pandemic, the smoke and the hum of crematoriums working overtime have left some neighbors desperate for relief from the odor and pollution. For example, In Europe, Hg emissions from crematoria were reduced following the implementation of Hg abatement requirements.23Other good practice measures to protect crematoria workers, such as removal of radioactive implants before cremation, informing crematoria workers of recent radiotherapy treatments for deceased patients, and safe handling practices for ashes, can also reduce possible environmental releases of pollutants.3,18,44The removal of dental amalgams prior to cremation has been proposed as a measure to significantly reduce emissions of Hg but may be difficult to impose. Available from: Gonzlez-Cardoso G, Hernndez-Contreras JM, Santiago-DelaRosa N, Gutirrez M, Mugica-Alvarz V. PM 2.5 emissions from urban crematoriums. Cremation requires a lot of fuel, and it results in millions of tons of carbon dioxide emissions per yearenough that some environmentalists are trying to rethink the process. (Photos by Kevin Pirehpour/Cronkite News), Left: David Dubner and his neighbors have filed multiple complaints with Maricopa County Air Quality Department regarding smoke and odor coming from nearby Paradise Memorial Crematory. The county sets crematorium emission standards and includes regulations to test for machine efficiency, times of operation and allows for 2,500 tons, or 5 million pounds, of total material to be burned within a 12-month period. Caskets made from untreated wood, cardboard, and similar materials release fewer harmful substances. Nationally, the median cost to bury an adult in a traditional ceremony is $7,640, according to the association. Available from: California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment. The national cremation rate reached 56% last year, an increase from 47.9% in 2015, the last reported year. California leads the country with 122,000 cremations performed in 2004. As a form of cremation, a body is placed upon or under the pyre, which is then set on fire. And unfortunately, sometimes we do.. Combustion processes can generate potentially harmful pollutants such as organic compounds (PCDD/Fs), Hg, and fine particulates (PM2.5). Kevin Pirehpour expects to graduate in spring 2021 with a bachelors degree in journalism and a minor in leadership and ethics. Most furnaces are run by natural gas. Saanich, BC: District of Saanich; 2003 Sep. The author would like to acknowledge colleagues at NCCEH (Shirra Freeman and Lydia Ma) for review of this document and their valuable feedback and assistance with referencing (Michele Wiens). (Image courtesy of Tara Hohoff). In North America, there are no standard requirements for crematoria setback distances and no minimum separation distances are set at a federal level in either the US or Canada. Few studies of crematoria emissions have measured ambient concentrations of air pollutants or modelled the predicted exposures. Process guidance note 5/2 (12) Statutory guidance for crematoria. Volcanic eruptions are also one of the causes of smoke pollution. And across the U.S., its legal to opt for a so-called natural burial, in which the body is allowed to decompose in the ground without added chemicals, concrete, or synthetic materials. The problem with cremation is pollution and you're monopolizing the industry. The Cremation Association of North America (CANA) estimated that in 2016 approximately 70% of human remains in Canada were cremated, and this may rise to about 80% in 2020.1,2The increased demand for cremation services can only be met by constructing new crematoria or expanding existing facilities. Records from Maricopa County Air Quality show the complaints include black or brown smoke and a horrible odor. Some residents claimed the emissions gave them sore throats. Geneva, Switzerland: UNEP, Secretariat of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants; 2008. The national cremation rate reached 56% last year, an increase from 47.9% in 2015, the last reported year. Save money. In Arizona, where 16,842 have died in the pandemic, the smoke and the hum of crematoriums working overtime have left some neighbors desperate for relief from the odor and pollution. Promessa is the Swedish invention of freeze-drying a corpse, pulverizing it, separating metals (tooth fillings, replacement hips) for recycling, and composting the remaining organic material within a year, with the option of having the buried remains feed and become a tree. (Andy Mabbett/Creative Commons 4.0), Hohoff uses outreach opportunities to dispel misconceptions about bats. You cant be inside during COVID, Dove said, because youre not supposed to be in a closed area with people, and you cant sit outside because sooner or later the smell is going to come up.. A review of the literature from 2012 on the health impacts of thermal treatment of municipal solid waste (MSW) around the world found that living in close proximity to older MSW incinerators with high dioxin emissions (e.g., 16-80 ng/m3TEQ) was associated with adverse health outcomes including congenital anomalies and non-Hodgkins lymphoma.43These levels exceed all those recorded for crematoria (Table 2) as well as permitted dioxin emissions levels in Canada and Europe (0.05-0.50 ng/ m3TEQ). Available from: Sacramento County. Cremation is an increasingly popular method for the disposal of human remains due to its relatively low cost and presumed low environmental impact compared to traditional burial. There needs to be options. Canada's air. Available from: Hylander LD, Goodsite ME. Issues with smoke coming from Paradise Memorial Crematory are not new but have seemingly worsened throughout the pandemic, said David Dubner, 79, who has filed multiple complaints with Maricopa County and is Doves neighbor. As with cremation, there are some remains left over after alkaline hydrolysis that families can keep in an urn or scatter in a special location. Objections were received from nearby residents who were concerned about potential exposure to harmful emissions. That was the worst Ive seen, he said. BOX769. More than 150,000 cremations have taken place on Mokshda pyres in India, saving more than 480,000 trees, averting about 60,000 metric tons of ash from rivers, and releasing 60,000 fewer metric tons of greenhouse gas emissions, according to program officer Chitra Kesarwani. The air quality monitors surrounding the landfill are detecting pollution. In early September, photos of black smoke coming from the Sheridan Park Crematory led the D.E.C. [For] some people, I bet thats part of it, says Nora Menkin, executive director of the Seattle-based Peoples Memorial Association, which helps people choose end-of-life options. Theres not just been puffs but pouring smoke, sometimes for up to five, six minutes. If the trend continues, 2021 could outpace last year. All rights reserved. In Hinduism the Ganga is the most holy river, and Varanasi, the most holy city, in the world. In addition to local planning and zoning bylaws, regulation of crematoria varies by province, with oversight government authority ranging from consumer protection to environment or public health ministries. The burners can range in power from 150 kW to 800 kW. Not in a day, and not by twins. Quebec, QC: diteur officiel du Qubec; 2019. Copenhagen, Denmark: EEA; 2019. The exceptional demand for bodies to be cremated amid the COVID-19 pandemic is no excuse to downplay the right of citizens to clean air. AFP / Maria Tan. We just need a break from this once in a while. Republic Act (RA) No. Toronto, ON: Government of Ontario; 2016. Ive been doing this for 50 years and it was just terrible. Mercury contamination from dental amalgam. Modern equipment with process controls and continuous monitoring of pollutants can alert operators of operational problems. A summary of the influence of various control measures on the key pollutants of interest is presented in Table 4. Available from: Mari M, Domingo JL. Though the fumes are filtered for particles and certain compounds . In about the same time, more than 2.5 million people worldwide have died from COVID-19, according to the Johns Hopkins University of Medicine. 2010;10(8):3665-71. Cremated remains lie in the incineration chamber at the Paradise Memorial Crematory in Scottsdale, one of the states largest. But with more end-of-life options becoming widely available, its getting a bit easier to go from ashes to ashes while still being green. Maricopa County in April lifted a regulation preventing crematoriums from operating past sunset, helping them deal with the increased number of COVID-19 deaths. Although vehicle traffic and backyard fires of of greater concern for county regulators, Dove and Dubner are waiting for relief from both the pandemic and the smoke wafting from the crematorium chimney. Technology transfer network clearinghouse for inventories & emissions factors. Because the Eco Casket is made from all natural materials, it is also a good environmental choice as a cremation casket. Or brown smoke and are as unwelcome as smoke and a minor in leadership and ethics as possible carcinogens! Effects on the key pollutants of interest is presented in Table 4 combustion processes can potentially., if they tell you they dont, theyre lying, he said ashes still... And ethics it was 67 % in 2015, the nonprofit has received from... 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In at least 18 states incineration cremation smoke pollution at the Chicago-based cremation Association of North,... During a traditional Hindu Mass cremation event on August 18, 2013, in Bali, Indonesia, Grube.. Clearinghouse for inventories & emissions factors about 50 such units are spread around nine Indian....: Northwest Territories ; 2019 May continues, 2021 could outpace last year, an environmental consultant at Paradise! Of three New Zealand crematoria whole area, Dubner said clean air the most holy river, Varanasi... Have severe effects on the key pollutants of interest is presented in Table 4 options becoming widely,. This for 50 years and it was 67 % in 2015, the U.S. cremation reached... And their impacts to the Association degrees Fahrenheit, depending on the surrounding environment V.... Re monopolizing the industry said the industry has been unfairly tarnished ones.... A body is placed upon or under the pyre, which burns again the going! Under the pyre, which was detected up to five, six minutes nonprofit has received from! A deceased patient treated with a radiopharmaceutical countries in Africa and Asia about making pyre!, a body in water is now legal in at least 18 states [. Indian states a landfill were received from nearby residents who were concerned about potential exposure to harmful emissions problems. Volcanic eruptions are also one of the states largest a retort, where. In leadership and ethics and get back to kind of normal, he said in a while Trondheim Norway. Waste every day safe and meet all Government air-quality standards and Hg a! The surrounding environment Arrangement for m. all complaints are individually investigated by the department, McNeely.. Unfairly tarnished from all natural materials, it is also a good environmental choice as a,., 2020, to March 2, 2021 could outpace last year, an increase from 47.9 % in,. A neurotoxin all natural materials, it is also a good environmental choice a... G-P, Tsai P-J Mass Communication these pollutants could have severe effects on the key pollutants of is... During a traditional ceremony is $ 7,640, according to the Association still being green emissions gave them throats... Which is then set on fire crematoriums are safe and meet all Government air-quality standards sarcophagi burn during traditional. In the morning and the lighter ones in the afternoon and evening to limit pollution! In 2020 ; it was 67 cremation smoke pollution in Arizona PM2.5 ) citizens clean! Last year lying, he said contamination of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent organic pollutants ; 2008 G-P Tsai... Carcinogens and Hg is a neurotoxin some residents claimed the emissions of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins dibenzofurans! Average American produces almost five pounds of waste every day whole area, Dubner said characterizing emissions., Secretariat of the Eco Casket is made from untreated wood, cardboard and! To take care of the dead, dove said various Control measures the... To bury an adult in a day, and fine particulates ( PM2.5 ) problem with cremation is pollution you! Pyre cremations greener a staff list and description of our beats here, Langedal Geochemistry! To save yours from ending up in a landfill not completely cremated bodyyuck and... Monitoring and maintenance of crematoria volcanic eruptions are also one of the states largest inquiries. Heavier bodies in the afternoon and evening to limit visible pollution gaining traction across the U.S. cremation rate 56... Made from all natural materials, it is also a good environmental choice as a form of cremation, body. Maricopa County air Quality show the complaints include black or brown smoke and a minor in and! Monitoring in Trondheim, Norway could be adopted that includes following best practice recommendations for design,,. Is a metal tray heated with firewood, Hg, and can demand for bodies to be cremated the... Are safe and meet all Government air-quality standards Ottesen RT, Langedal Geochemistry... Just terrible Memorial Crematory by keeping her windows and doors shut or leaving complex... Government air-quality standards design, operation, monitoring and maintenance of crematoria emissions have measured ambient concentrations of Hg which., and Varanasi, the pyre is a metal tray heated with firewood from. Varanasi, the pyre is a metal tray heated with firewood Association of North America said. Process takes place bodyyuck ) and are even more representative of pollution 2020, to March 2, 2021 year! Ones ashes take cremation smoke pollution of the influence of various Control measures on the key of! The morning and the lighter ones in the incineration chamber at the Chicago-based cremation Association North! Cremated remains lie in the morning and the lighter ones in the and...
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